Reading Questions
Learning Objective
Explain how the Enlightenment affected societies over time.
Historical Developments
Enlightenment ideas and religious ideals influenced various reform movements. These reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights, as seen in expanded suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom.
Demands for women’s suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies.
Demands:
Reading Questions for Women's Suffrage
How did the Enlightenment lead to social changes during the 1750-1900 time period?
Who was Olype de Gouge and what was she known for?
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft and what was she known for?
What was the Seneca Falls Conference and why was it important?
What is the Declaration of Sentniments?
What is suffrage?
Reading Questions for end of slavery
Explain the 4 causes of the end of slavery
Explain how serfdom ended
What were the results of the end of slavery and serfdom
Explain how the Enlightenment affected societies over time.
Historical Developments
Enlightenment ideas and religious ideals influenced various reform movements. These reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights, as seen in expanded suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom.
Demands for women’s suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies.
Demands:
- Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
- Olympe de Gouges’s Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
- Seneca Falls Conference (1848) organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mot
Reading Questions for Women's Suffrage
How did the Enlightenment lead to social changes during the 1750-1900 time period?
Who was Olype de Gouge and what was she known for?
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft and what was she known for?
What was the Seneca Falls Conference and why was it important?
What is the Declaration of Sentniments?
What is suffrage?
Reading Questions for end of slavery
Explain the 4 causes of the end of slavery
Explain how serfdom ended
What were the results of the end of slavery and serfdom
Women's SuffrageClass Discussion questions:
What is the relationship between individual power and collective power? In what ways are gender roles used in society and what are their purposes? How did the Enlightenment give rise to the Women's Rights Movement? This period of time also saw the rise of the Feminist Movement based on the Enlightenment ideas of equality. Although there were many women that helped begin the Women's right movement during this late modern period, there are two examples of women that stand above the rest. French writer Olympe de Gouges was a social reformer and writer who challenged conventional views on a number of matters, especially the role of women as citizens. Many consider her among the world’s first feminists. During the French Revolution, as a Response to the Declaration of Rights of Men and Citizen, She published "The Declaration of Rights of Women and of the Female Citizen," in which she advocated for women's rights. She argued that women deserved the same rights as any man. She was later beheaded during the Reign of Terror. Another important Enlightenment thinker was Mary Wollstonecraft who wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" in 1792. In this, she stresses the education of women and maintains that women should have the same fundamental rights as men, as companions to their husbands not as property. Her main goal was to illustrate the limitations that lack of a proper education had on women and that they should be encouraged to expand their minds, rather than focusing on beauty, and not completely rely on feelings, which are harmful to society as a whole.
Fifty years later women would continue the Feminist Movement by organizing a meeting that would bring to light the oppression of women and demand equal rights. The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention in the United States. Held in July 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, the meeting launched the women's suffrage movement. Organizers Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott spoke on the necessity of women having the right to vote. Many signed the Declaration of Sentiments that outlined the rights women were fighting for during this period. Included in the Declaration, and probably most important was the right vote or suffrage. In the most industrialized countries of the West, feminism had become a mass movement. Even still, not until August 26, of 1926 did women get the right to vote in the United States.
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Abolition of Slavery& Serfdom
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
Slavery was largely ended around the world between 1780 and 1890. The end of slavery came due to moral concerns, economic inefficiency and fear of slave uprisings.
Enlightenment thinkers and religious leaders were increasingly critical of slavery. Many believed it went against their beliefs in natural rights and personal freedom. As a result many Enlightenment thinkers voiced their disapproval against slavery. Religious groups, especially Quakers and Protestant evangelicals, became increasingly vocal in opposition to slavery. Many used pamphlets, boycotts, and lawsuits to try to end the practice of slavery. They would become known as abolitionists. Abolitionist groups became most powerful in Britain.
Economically, places like the American Industrial north and Great Britain soon after the Industrial Revolution in 1750, proved that a country would prosper using free labor. Some began to see the institution of slavery as less profitable.
Major slave rebellions and the Hattian Revolution were also proved to be pivotal. Both before the Hattian Revolution and after there were slave rebellions. The Stono Rebellion which was the largest slave revolt ever staged in the 13 colonies. The great Jamaica Revolt of 1831 were 20,000 slaves destroyed several hundred plantations was the final straw for the British who would then pass laws against slavery.
Resistance to abolition was strong among interested parties. Britain ended slavery in 1833. The United States would not end slavery until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Brazil would not end slavery until 1888.
Slavery was largely ended around the world between 1780 and 1890. The end of slavery came due to moral concerns, economic inefficiency and fear of slave uprisings.
Enlightenment thinkers and religious leaders were increasingly critical of slavery. Many believed it went against their beliefs in natural rights and personal freedom. As a result many Enlightenment thinkers voiced their disapproval against slavery. Religious groups, especially Quakers and Protestant evangelicals, became increasingly vocal in opposition to slavery. Many used pamphlets, boycotts, and lawsuits to try to end the practice of slavery. They would become known as abolitionists. Abolitionist groups became most powerful in Britain.
Economically, places like the American Industrial north and Great Britain soon after the Industrial Revolution in 1750, proved that a country would prosper using free labor. Some began to see the institution of slavery as less profitable.
Major slave rebellions and the Hattian Revolution were also proved to be pivotal. Both before the Hattian Revolution and after there were slave rebellions. The Stono Rebellion which was the largest slave revolt ever staged in the 13 colonies. The great Jamaica Revolt of 1831 were 20,000 slaves destroyed several hundred plantations was the final straw for the British who would then pass laws against slavery.
Resistance to abolition was strong among interested parties. Britain ended slavery in 1833. The United States would not end slavery until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Brazil would not end slavery until 1888.
END OF SERFDOM
Serfdom was abolished for partly the same reasons as slavery. Similarly, peasant revolts ended serfdom in Europe. The French ended serfdom in 17889 at the end of the French Revolution. The French would also end slavery but it would be reinstituted by Napoleon. Russia had begun state sponsored industrialization. Thus by 1861, the Russian Tsar freed the serfs.
RESULTS OF THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY AND SERFDOM
Abolition often didn’t lead to the expected results. Usually there was little improvement in the economic lives of former slaves and serfs. Laws were passed to keep the former slaves in similar social and working conditions. One example is the American Jim Crow Laws. Few of the newly freed gained anything like political equality. Most former Russian serfs and former slaves remained impoverished. Unwillingness of former slaves to work on plantations led to a new wave of global migration, especially from India and China. |